Understanding the Difference Between Acute and Chronic Sinusitis

Millions of people suffer from various forms of sinusitis, which, by definition, is inflammation of the tissues that line the nasal and surrounding cavities in the skull. This condition sometimes accompanies other illnesses and ailments. Sufferers should take time to understand the difference between acute and chronic sinusitis and the causes behind each, since there are a variety of symptoms, diagnostic techniques and treatment options for both types of sinusitis.

1. Acute versus Chronic Sinusitis

Acute sinusitis normally lasts no more than 4 weeks, while chronic sinusitis will last for 8 to 12 weeks or longer and can potentially linger for several years. Acute sinusitis is normally easier to diagnose and treat. Trying to pinpoint the causes of chronic sinusitis and prescribe an effective treatment plan can be more difficult.

Sinusitis is often the result of a cold, which is caused by a viral infection; some cases of sinusitis, however, are due to a bacterial infection or the result of allergies or asthmatic conditions. Finally, chronic sinusitis can be caused by the growth of nasal polyps or even structural problems in the nasal cavity.

2. Symptoms of Acute and Chronic Sinusitis

While the causes of acute and chronic sinusitis can be quite different, the symptoms are often the same. According to the Mayo Clinic, there may be several symptoms you will experience when suffering from both acute and chronic sinusitis:
Nasal obstruction
Drainage of a thick discolored discharge from the nose
Facial pain or pressure
Fatigue
Bad breath
Ear pressure
Headaches
Unusual tastes and smells
Acute sinusitis is often accompanied by a fever. A cough that is worse at night or in the morning is sometimes associated with chronic sinusitis.

3. Diagnosing Each Type of Sinusitis

Medical professionals use several diagnostic techniques to differentiate acute and chronic sinusitis; often, a physical examination of the facial area and a patient’s explanation of symptoms is enough to diagnose the condition. The Cleveland Clinic states that the presence of purulent secretions, or pus, is one of the primary factors for diagnosis.

Sometimes, more extensive testing such as imaging tests (X-rays or CT scans) may be used. These methods might be used if symptoms have not improved and chronic sinusitis is suspected. Nasal cultures may also be taken. Nasal endoscopy is a technique that involves inserting a thin instrument into the nostrils to look for blockages in the nasal cavities. If allergies are suspected an allergy specialist may perform a variety of tests to determine if any allergic triggers are causing the chronic sinus infections.

4. Available Treatment Options

Even though symptoms for both types of sinusitis are similar, the cause must be determined to most effectively treat the condition. The American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology states that about 70 percent of those suffering from acute sinusitis will recover without prescribed medication. Treatment options an individual can use at home include the use of a humidifier, adequate hydration, warm compresses and over-the-counter medications.

Antibiotics such as amoxicillin are often recommended as a first-line treatment for some cases of acute sinusitis. However, other antibiotics may be used if an individual doesn’t show improvement within 72 hours. A few alternatives include moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin. Several treatment options may be used for a chronic sinusitis diagnosis, depending on the initial cause:
Corticosteroid sprays
Antifungal medications
Allergy medications or allergy shots
Endoscopic sinus surgery
Transdermal Immunotherapy (TDIT)
Remember to seek medical attention if you are experiencing prolonged symptoms of sinusitis or your sinusitis has worsened. A specialized evaluation from a medical professional is necessary to receive an accurate diagnosis, and the best treatment options will be implemented so you can find relief from your symptoms.
Are you experiencing sinus troubles? Please contact us by calling (281) 586-3888 or filling out an appointment request to schedule an appointment with a doctor in Houston today.